Hydroxy Compounds

An aqueous solution of phenol, $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{OH}$, is acidic at $298\text{ K}$.

Explain why phenol is more acidic than water.

Name the two products formed when phenol reacts with an excess of $\text{Br}_2\text{(aq)}$.

............................................................... and ...............................................................

Draw the structures of the two isomeric organic products, with $M_r = 139$, that are formed when phenol reacts with $\text{HNO}_3\text{(aq)}$ at room temperature.

Write the equation for the reaction between phenol, $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{OH}$, and sodium metal.

Phenol can be produced from phenylamine in a two-step synthesis.

Describe the reagents and conditions needed in each step.

step one:

reagents: ....................................................................................................................................

conditions: .................................................................................................................................

step two:

reagents: ....................................................................................................................................

conditions: .................................................................................................................................

Complete the table to show the structure of the organic product from each reaction of phenol, $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{OH}$.

Identify two reactions from the table in which ethanol would behave in a similar way to phenol.

Phenol can be made from phenylamine, $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NH}_2$.

Give the reagents and conditions for this reaction.

Phenol reacts with dilute aqueous nitric acid under room conditions to give a mixture of two isomeric products with molecular formula $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NO}_3$.

Use the Data Booklet to draw the structural formulae of these two products in the boxes and name each product.

Draw and name the organic product of this reaction in the box.

Describe two visual observations that can be made when phenol reacts with an excess of aqueous bromine.

Write an equation for a neutralisation reaction in which phenol behaves as an acid.

Water, phenol and ethanol can all behave as acids.

Place these three compounds in order of acidity, starting with the most acidic. Explain your answer.

Phenol can be made from phenylamine, $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NH}_2$.

Give the reagents and conditions for this reaction.

Phenol reacts with dilute aqueous nitric acid under room conditions to give a mixture of two isomeric products with molecular formula $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NO}_3$.

Use the Data Booklet to draw the structural formulae of these two products in the boxes and name each product.

Draw and name the organic product of this reaction in the box.

Describe two visual observations that can be made when phenol reacts with an excess of aqueous bromine.

Write an equation for a neutralisation reaction in which phenol behaves as an acid.

Water, phenol and ethanol can all behave as acids.

Place these three compounds in order of acidity, starting with the most acidic.
Explain your answer.

The structure of gingerol is shown. The $\text{CH}_3\text{O}-$ group in gingerol is unreactive.

Gingerol reacts with acidified potassium dichromate(VI).

State the type of reaction and the functional group change which occurs during this reaction.

type of reaction:

functional group change:

from ____________________ to ____________________

State the type of reaction needed to convert gingerol into shogaol.

State the reagents and conditions needed to convert gingerol into shogaol.

Shogaol reacts with hot, concentrated acidified manganate(VII) ions to form two organic products, Q and R.

Draw the structures of Q and R.

Zingerone is formed from gingerol.

Some reactions of zingerone are shown.

Complete the table to identify the functional groups in zingerone.

Describe and explain the relative acidities of phenol and ethanol.

Phenyl 2-hydroxybenzoate is an antiseptic.

Complete the following table about the reactions of phenyl 2-hydroxybenzoate with the three reagents.

Describe and explain the relative acidities of phenol and ethanol.

Phenyl 2-hydroxybenzoate is an antiseptic.

Complete the following table about the reactions of phenyl 2-hydroxybenzoate with the three reagents.

A series of experiments is carried out in which the reagent shown at the top of the column of the table is mixed, in turn, with each of the reagents at the side.
Complete the following table by writing in each box the formula of any gas produced.
Write x in the box if no gas is produced.
The first column has been completed as an illustration.

What reagents and conditions are required for step 3?

Either compound A or compound B, or both, react with the following reagents.
For each reagent draw the structure of the organic product formed with A, and with B. If no reaction occurs, write 'no reaction' in the relevant box.

Choose one of the above reactions to enable you to distinguish between A and B.
State below the observations you would make with each compound.